Definition:
Ankylosis is the stiffening and immobility of a joint due to the fusion of the bones.
Contrary to ankylosis, trismus is a temporary constriction of the jaws.
Causes:
-Rigid scarring of the skin, mucosa, or muscle that limits the mouth opening.
-Temporo-mandibular ankylosis due to a fusion of the joint by bony or fibrous tissue.
-Fracture of the cheekbone.
-Bone tumor: For example, an osteoma localized in the coronoid process.
Diagnosis:
*Extra-oral exam:
While palpating the temporo-mandibular joint, a bony mass is felt.
*X-ray:
Panoramic- Teleradiography- Scan- MRI.
Types:
1.Ankylosis in adults:
Usually, ankylosis is a complication of condylar fracture.
It is either unilateral or bilateral. The condyle is deformed and larger.
2.Ankylosis in kids:
It interferes with facial growth. It affects bone, muscles, and teeth.
-If the ankylosis is unilateral, the result is facial asymmetry and deviated chin.
-If it is bilateral, the mandible is small.
Treatment
- Surgery: To remove the bone binding the mandible to the temporal bone.
- Rehabilitation: It consists of physical therapy and mobilizing devices to restore jaw movements.
