Definition
Gastroesophageal reflux, also known as acid reflux, heartburn, acid indigestion, or pyrosis, is a common condition in which acid in the stomach rises into the esophagus.
This occurs when the sphincter muscle at the lower end of your esophagus relaxes at the wrong time.
Causes
- Malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter
- Hiatal hernia
- Abdominal hypertension
- History of gastric surgery
- Defect of the resistance of the esophageal mucosa
- An anomaly of the gastric fluid
- Medication and toxic substances (beta-blockers, calcic inhibitors, nicotine, alcohol, caffeine)
Symptoms
- A burning sensation behind the sternum is felt after eating or drinking very cold or hot beverages.
- Acidic regurgitations
- Nocturnal coughing reflex
These symptoms can increase when the abdominal pressure increases. This can occur in certain situations:
- Leaning forward
- Sleeping on the stomach or right side
- Exerting an effort while sneezing or defecating
- After eating food rich in fat or alcohol
Diagnosis
- A detailed interview of the patient can suffice to diagnose acid reflux
- An endoscopy of the esophagus is the test of choice when diagnosing this condition. It allows the visualization of oesophagitis or lesions.
- A pH meter can measure the acidity of the esophagus
Treatment
- Lose weight in case of obesity
- Eat smaller meals
- Avoid soft drinks
- Avoid irritating foods such as coffee, alcohol, spices, acidic fruits
- Avoid tobacco
- Avoid leaning forward if possible
- Antacid can be prescribed to relieve heartburn
